Some cookies are essential to the running of the website, while others (analytics) help us to make improvements. We also incorporate functionality from other websites, such as video, social media feeds and ReachDeck (text-to-speech and translations services) which may set cookies. More on how we use cookies
This website uses text-to-speech software called ReachDeck to read and / or translate its content. To use ReachDeck, you must allow ReachDeck cookies; the ReachDeck icon will then appear at the bottom right of your screen.
You can find out more about how ReachDeck uses cookies or change your cookie preferences at any time by going to our cookies page.
Allow ReachDeck cookies Do not use ReachDeck
Please find service updates and current visiting rules in our COVID-19 section.
This site is best viewed with a modern browser. You appear to be using an old version of Internet Explorer.
The ear is the first part of the hearing system.
The pinna is the outer part of the ear that we can see. It gathers sound waves and directs them down the ear canal.
The waves then cause the eardrum to vibrate. These vibrations are passed across the middle ear by three tiny bones. These bones increase the strength of the vibrations before they pass through the oval window into the cochlear.
The cochlea looks like a snail's shell. It is filled with fluid and contains thousands of tiny sound-sensitive hair cells.
As the vibration of the bones in the middle ear enters the cochlea, it causes the fluid to move. This causes the hair cells to bend, which creates a small electrical charge. The charge moves along the auditory nerve to the brain, where it is converted into signals that can be understood.
For us to be able to hear a full range of sounds, all parts of the hearing system must work well. Deafness or hearing impairment happens when at least one part of this system is not working effectively.